{"id":2208,"date":"2020-01-14T12:32:31","date_gmt":"2020-01-14T11:32:31","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/shizofrenija.si\/javno\/?page_id=2208"},"modified":"2025-12-19T08:04:50","modified_gmt":"2025-12-19T07:04:50","slug":"pregled-shizofrenije","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/shizofrenija.si\/javno\/pregled-shizofrenije\/","title":{"rendered":"Pregled shizofrenije"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<div class=\"wp-block-rea-inpage-nav-rea-inpage-nav-block rea-inpage-nav-block front has-margin\"><div class=\"rea-inpage-nav-block__image\" style=\"background-image: url(https:\/\/shizofrenija.si\/javno\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/03\/wooden.png)\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"inpage-nav-background\" alt=\"\" src=\"https:\/\/shizofrenija.si\/javno\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/03\/wooden.png\"><\/div><div class=\"rea-inpage-nav-block__content\"><div class=\"rea-inpage-nav-block__content--wrapper\"><div class=\"text-wrapper\"><h2 class=\"inpage-nav-title\">Pregled shizofrenije <\/h2><ul class=\"inpage-nav-list\"><li>Shizofrenija je du\u0161evna motnja, katere vzrok \u0161e ni znan in pri kateri je izra\u017eenih ve\u010d razli\u010dnih klini\u010dnih simptomov.<\/li><\/ul><\/div><div class=\"section-nav\"><h4 class=\"section-nav--title\">V tem razdelku<\/h4><div class=\"section-nav--nav-items js-inpage-nav-items\"><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-rea-title-rea-title-block rea-title-block front\"><div class=\"rea-title-block__content\"><h3 id=\"pregled\" class=\"content-title \">Pregled<\/h3><h4 class=\"content-subtitle rea-hidden\"><\/h4><\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-rea-paragraph-rea-paragraph-block rea-paragraph-block front\"><div class=\"rea-paragraph-block__content\"><p class=\"content-text\">Shizofrenijo je mogo\u010de opredeliti kot hudo du\u0161evno motnjo, ki vpliva na vedenje, mi\u0161ljenje in \u010dustvovanje. Prve simptome je morda mogo\u010de opaziti \u0161ele v najstni\u0161kih ali odraslih letih, za\u010dne pa se \u017ee veliko prej.<sup>1<\/sup><br>Simptomi se pri mo\u0161kih najpogosteje za\u010dnejo izra\u017eati med 15. in 25.\u00a0letom, pri \u017eenskah pa obi\u010dajno pozneje (med 35. in 45.\u00a0letom). Vendar diagnoza shizofrenije ni omejena na spol ali kulturno okolje.<sup>2<\/sup><br>S shizofrenijo po vsem svetu \u017eivi ve\u010d kot 21\u00a0milijonov ljudi, pogostej\u0161a pa je pri mo\u0161kih kot pri \u017eenskah.<sup>3<\/sup><\/p><\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-rea-separator-rea-separator-block rea-separator-block front\"><div class=\"rea-separator-block__content\"><hr class=\"rea-separator-block__separator\"><\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-rea-title-rea-title-block rea-title-block front\"><div class=\"rea-title-block__content\"><h3 id=\"vzroki-in-simptomi\" class=\"content-title \">Vzroki in simptomi<\/h3><h4 class=\"content-subtitle rea-hidden\"><\/h4><\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-rea-paragraph-rea-paragraph-block rea-paragraph-block front\"><div class=\"rea-paragraph-block__content\"><p class=\"content-text\">Jasen vzrok shizofrenije \u0161e ni znan. Vendar je znano, da na pojav te bolezni vpliva ve\u010d dejavnikov, na primer dogodki pred rojstvom, uporaba drog in dru\u017ebeni dejavniki.<sup>4\u20137<\/sup><br>S pove\u010danim tveganjem za shizofrenijo so povezali tudi dejavnike, ki izhajajo iz \u017eivljenjskega sloga. Z nastankom shizofrenije so, na primer, povezovali uporabo konoplje<sup>4<\/sup> ali dru\u017ebene dejavnike, kot je odra\u0161\u010danje v velikem mestu ali izjemno \u010dustveni dogodki v posameznikovem \u017eivljenju.<sup>5-7<\/sup><br>Razmerje med uporabo konoplje in psihozo so obse\u017eno prou\u010devali. Nekateri raziskovalci menijo, da konoplja pove\u010duje tako verjetnost za pojav shizofrenije, kakor tudi, da so osebe z du\u0161evno motnjo nagnjene k pogostej\u0161i uporabi marihuane, pri tistih, ki so nagnjeni k psihozi, pa je verjetnost uporabe marihuane ve\u010dja kot pri splo\u0161ni populaciji.<sup>13<\/sup> V najnovej\u0161em \u010dlanku iz leta 2019, ki je bil objavljen v reviji Lancet, trdijo, da bi bilo mogo\u010de 30\u00a0% izku\u0161enj prve epizode psihoze v Londonu in 50\u00a0% takih izku\u0161enj v Amsterdamu prepre\u010diti, \u010de v teh mestih ne bi bilo na voljo konoplje visoke jakosti.<sup>14<\/sup><br>Tveganje za shizofrenijo je ve\u010dje v nekaterih dru\u017einah, deloma zato, ker morda obstajajo genetski dejavniki, ki povzro\u010dajo shizofrenijo.<sup>6, 7, 9<\/sup> Vendar je vpliv genov odvisen tudi od njihove interakcije z okoljem, zato z razvojem shizofrenije ni mogo\u010de neposredno povezati samo genetike.<sup>6<\/sup><br>Na pojav shizofrenije bi lahko vplivale tudi nekatere fizi\u010dne nepravilnosti v zgradbi in delovanju mo\u017eganov.<sup>10<\/sup><br>Raziskave so pokazale, da je pri ljudeh, ki \u017eivijo s shizofrenijo, razvoj mo\u017eganov okvarjen v najstni\u0161kih letih.<sup>10<\/sup> Zdi se, da se to zgodi na dva mogo\u010da na\u010dina:<\/p><\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-rea-list-rea-list-block rea-list-block front\"><div class=\"rea-list-block__wrapper\"><div class=\"list-unordered list\"><p>Nevroni v mo\u017eganih so povezani v mre\u017ee, ki so pomembne za delovanje in razvoj mo\u017eganov. V sprednjem delu mo\u017eganov, prefrontalni skorji, so zunanje veje \u017eivcev (imenovane sinapse in dendritski trni) lahko \u010dezmerno zmanj\u0161ane (&#8220;obrezane&#8221;), kar moti normalne povezave znotraj mre\u017ee. &#8220;Obrezovanje&#8221; je rutinski pojav, vendar je pri ljudeh s shizofrenijo okrepljen.<sup>6<\/sup><\/p><p>Medsebojna komunikacija nevronov poteka prek nevrotransmiterjev \u2013 kemikalij, ki v mo\u017eganih prena\u0161ajo sporo\u010dila. \u010ce so nevrotransmiterji slabo regulirani, to lahko poslab\u0161a prenos sporo\u010dil in vpliva na razvoj mo\u017eganov. Pri ljudeh s shizofrenijo, se zdi, da imajo nekateri nevrotransmiterji (dopamin, serotonin in glutamat) nenavadno aktivnost.Neurons communicate with each other using neurotransmitters, which  are chemicals that carry messages in the brain. Poor regulation of  neurotransmitters may lead to impaired message transmission and impact  brain development. In people living with schizophrenia, some  neurotransmitters seem to have unusual activity: dopamine, serotonin and  glutamate.<sup>6,11<\/sup><\/p><\/div><\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-rea-paragraph-rea-paragraph-block rea-paragraph-block front\"><div class=\"rea-paragraph-block__content\"><p class=\"content-text\">Pri shizofreniji obstaja \u0161irok razpon simptomov, ki jih je na koncu mo\u010d razvrstiti v kategorije: <a href=\"https:\/\/shizofrenija.si\/javno\/simptomi\">pozitivni<\/a> (kot so prividi in blodnje), <a href=\"https:\/\/shizofrenija.si\/javno\/simptomi\">negativni<\/a> (povezani s \u0161ibko sposobnostjo izra\u017eanja \u010dustev in motivacijo) ter <a href=\"https:\/\/shizofrenija.si\/javno\/simptomi\">kognitivni<\/a> simptomi (te\u017eave pri organizaciji mi\u0161ljenja in na\u010drtovanju).<sup>12<\/sup><br><br><\/p><\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-rea-quote-rea-quote-block rea-quote-block front\"><div class=\"rea-quote-block__wrapper\"><div class=\"rea-quote-block__content-type\"><div class=\"rea-quote-block__content-type--background\" data-type=\"book\"><div class=\"rea-quote-block__content-type--icon attr-content-type\" data-type=\"book\"><div class=\"content-type-icon\"><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"rea-quote-block__content-area\"><p class=\"rea-quote-block__content-area--content-type html-content-type-title\" data-type=\"book\"><\/p><h5 class=\"rea-quote-block__content-area--title html-title\">Klasifikacija du\u0161evnih in vedenjskih motenj po MKB-10 (Mednarodna klasifikacija bolezni, deseta izdaja)<\/h5><div class=\"rea-quote-block__content-area--subtitle html-subtitle\">Svetovna zdravstvena organizacija<\/div><div class=\"rea-quote-block__content-area--reference html-reference\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.who.int\/classifications\/icd\/en\/GRNBOOK.pdf\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\">https:\/\/www.who.int\/classifications\/icd\/en\/GRNBOOK.pdf<\/a><\/div><div class=\"rea-quote-block__content-area--text html-text\"><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-rea-references-rea-references-block rea-references-block front\"><div class=\"rea-references-block__references\"><p class=\"references-title\">Viri<\/p><ol class=\"references-list\"><li>ICD-10 Classification of Mental and Behavioural Disorders  <a href=\"https:\/\/icd.who.int\/browse10\/2016\/en#\/F20\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\">https:\/\/icd.who.int\/browse10\/2016\/en#\/F20<\/a>. Accessed July 2019<\/li><li>Mathews M. Schizophrenia and Acute Psychosis. August 2013<\/li><li>WHO schizophrenia fact sheet <a href=\"https:\/\/www.who.int\/news-room\/fact-sheets\/detail\/schizophrenia\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\">https:\/\/www.who.int\/news-room\/fact-sheets\/detail\/schizophrenia<\/a>. Accessed July 2019<\/li><li>Haller CS, Padmanabhan JL, Lizano P, Torous J, Keshavan M. Recent advances in understanding schizophrenia. F1000Prime Rep. 2014 Jul 8;6:57. doi: 10.12703\/P6-57. eCollection 2014. Review.<\/li><li>Klosterk\u00f6tter J, Schultze-Lutter F, Bechdolf A, Ruhrmann S. Prediction and prevention of schizophrenia: what has been achieved and where to go next? World Psychiatry. 2011;10(3):165\u2013174.<\/li><li>Sullivan PF, Kendler KS, Neale MC., Schizophrenia as a complex trait: evidence from a meta-analysis of twin studies. Arch Gen Psychiatry. 2003 Dec;60(12):1187-92.<\/li><li>McGuffin P. Nature and nurture interplay: schizophrenia. Psychiatr Prax. 2004 Nov;31 Suppl 2:S189-93.<\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.bbc.co.uk\/news\/health-12617495\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\">https:\/\/www.bbc.co.uk\/news\/health-12617495<\/a> [Accessed July 2019] <\/li><li>Kety SS. Arch Gen Psychiatry 1994;51(6):442-55<\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.nhs.uk\/conditions\/schizophrenia\/causes\/\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\">https:\/\/www.nhs.uk\/conditions\/schizophrenia\/causes\/<\/a> [Accessed July 2019]<\/li><li>Brisch et al. The Role of Dopamine in Schizophrenia from a Neurobiological and Evolutionary Perspective: Old Fashioned, but Still in Vogue Front Psychiatry. 2014; 5: 47<\/li><li>NIH. Mental Health Information. Schizophrenia. <a href=\"https:\/\/www.nimh.nih.gov\/health\/topics\/schizophrenia\/index.shtml\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\">https:\/\/www.nimh.nih.gov\/health\/topics\/schizophrenia\/index.shtml<\/a> Accessed July 2019<\/li><li>Psychol Med. 2017 Apr;47(5):971-980. doi: 10.1017\/S0033291716003172. Epub 2016 Dec 8. Assessing causality in associations between cannabis use and schizophrenia risk: a two-sample Mendelian randomization study. Gage SH, Jones HJ, Burgess S, Bowden J, Davey Smith G, Zammit S, Munaf\u00f2 MR.<\/li><li>The Lancet Psychiatry, VOLUME 6, ISSUE 5, P427-436, MAY 01, 2019. The contribution of cannabis use to variation in the incidence of psychotic disorder across Europe (EU-GEI): a multicentre case-control study. Marta Di Forti, PhD , Diego Quattrone, MD, Giada Tripoli, MSc,Charlotte Gayer-Anderson, PhD, Harriet Quigley, MD et al<\/li><\/ol><\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-rea-title-rea-title-block rea-title-block front rea-share-block\" style=\"margin-bottom:30px;text-align:center;\">\n\t\t<div class=\"\">\n\t\t\t<span style=\"display:block;margin-bottom:10px;font-size:20px;\">Share<\/span>\n\t\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/sharer\/sharer.php?u=https:\/\/shizofrenija.si\/javno\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/2208\" class=\"facebook-share\" target=\"_blank\"><\/a>\n\t\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/shareArticle?mini=true&#038;url=https:\/\/shizofrenija.si\/javno\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/2208\" class=\"linkedin-share\" target=\"_blank\"><\/a>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t<\/div>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Share<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":1154,"parent":0,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"page-fullwidth.php","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"rea_page_title_signed_in_meta_block_field":"Kaj je shizofrenija?","rea_page_title_signed_out_meta_block_field":"Pregled shizofrenije","rea_page_description_signed_in_meta_block_field":"Shizofrenijo je mogo\u010de opredeliti kot hudo du\u0161evno motnjo, ki vpliva na vedenje, mi\u0161ljenje in \u010dustvovanje. Prve simptome je morda mogo\u010de opaziti \u0161ele v najstni\u0161kih ali odraslih letih, za\u010dne pa se \u017ee veliko prej","rea_page_description_signed_out_meta_block_field":"Shizofrenijo je mogo\u010de opredeliti kot hudo du\u0161evno motnjo, ki vpliva na vedenje, mi\u0161ljenje in \u010dustvovanje. Prve simptome je morda mogo\u010de opaziti \u0161ele v najstni\u0161kih ali odraslih letih, za\u010dne pa se \u017ee veliko prej","rea_page_footer_id_meta_block_field":"","rea_page_footer_date_meta_block_field":"","footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-2208","page","type-page","status-publish","has-post-thumbnail","hentry"],"acf":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/shizofrenija.si\/javno\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/2208","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/shizofrenija.si\/javno\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/shizofrenija.si\/javno\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/shizofrenija.si\/javno\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/shizofrenija.si\/javno\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=2208"}],"version-history":[{"count":56,"href":"https:\/\/shizofrenija.si\/javno\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/2208\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":3493,"href":"https:\/\/shizofrenija.si\/javno\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/2208\/revisions\/3493"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/shizofrenija.si\/javno\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/1154"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/shizofrenija.si\/javno\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=2208"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}