{"id":2249,"date":"2020-01-14T13:54:01","date_gmt":"2020-01-14T12:54:01","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/shizofrenija.si\/javno\/?page_id=2249"},"modified":"2025-12-19T08:04:50","modified_gmt":"2025-12-19T07:04:50","slug":"diagnoza","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/shizofrenija.si\/javno\/diagnoza\/","title":{"rendered":"Diagnoza"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<div class=\"wp-block-rea-inpage-nav-rea-inpage-nav-block rea-inpage-nav-block front has-margin\"><div class=\"rea-inpage-nav-block__image\" style=\"background-image: url(https:\/\/shizofrenija.si\/javno\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/03\/wooden.png)\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"inpage-nav-background\" alt=\"\" src=\"https:\/\/shizofrenija.si\/javno\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/03\/wooden.png\"><\/div><div class=\"rea-inpage-nav-block__content\"><div class=\"rea-inpage-nav-block__content--wrapper\"><div class=\"text-wrapper\"><h2 class=\"inpage-nav-title\">Diagnoza<\/h2><ul class=\"inpage-nav-list\"><li>Prepoznavanje prodromalne faze in ugotavljanje stiske v tej fazi sta klju\u010dnega pomena..<\/li><\/ul><\/div><div class=\"section-nav\"><h4 class=\"section-nav--title\">V tem razdelku<\/h4><div class=\"section-nav--nav-items js-inpage-nav-items\"><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-rea-title-rea-title-block rea-title-block front\"><div class=\"rea-title-block__content\"><h3 id=\"strongzaznavanje-zgodnjih-znakovstrong\" class=\"content-title \"><strong>Zaznavanje zgodnjih znakov<\/strong><\/h3><h4 class=\"content-subtitle rea-hidden\"><\/h4><\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-rea-paragraph-rea-paragraph-block rea-paragraph-block front\"><div class=\"rea-paragraph-block__content\"><p class=\"content-text\">Skladno s sodobnimi smernicami diagnoze ni mo\u010d postaviti pred prvim pojavom akutnih psihoti\u010dnih simptomov. Vendar pa je zaznavanje prodromalnih znakov lahko klju\u010dnega pomena za prepre\u010devanje nadaljnjega razvoja ali zgodnjo intervencijo.<br><br>\u010ce nekdo zazna prodromalne znake, lahko posku\u0161a zmanj\u0161ati pomen znanih dejavnikov tveganja, ki vplivajo na razvoj shizofrenije: stres, mestno okolje, emigracija, konoplja itn.<\/p><\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-rea-cta-rea-cta-block rea-cta-block front cta-left\"><div class=\"rea-cta-block__content\"><h4 class=\"cta-title\"><\/h4><p class=\"cta-text\"><\/p><a class=\"button__primary button-text\" href=\"\/javno\/pregled-shizofrenije\/\">Pou\u010dite se o vzrokih shizofrenije<\/a><\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-rea-separator-rea-separator-block rea-separator-block front\"><div class=\"rea-separator-block__content\"><hr class=\"rea-separator-block__separator\"><\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-rea-title-rea-title-block rea-title-block front\"><div class=\"rea-title-block__content\"><h3 id=\"strongdiagnostina-orodjastrong\" class=\"content-title \"><strong>Diagnosti\u010dna orodja<\/strong><\/h3><h4 class=\"content-subtitle rea-hidden\"><\/h4><\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-rea-paragraph-rea-paragraph-block rea-paragraph-block front\"><div class=\"rea-paragraph-block__content\"><p class=\"content-text\">Shizofrenijo diagnosticirajo na podlagi simptomov. \u010ceprav je mogo\u010de testirati dolo\u010dene biolo\u0161ke ali fizi\u010dne zna\u010dilnosti, se le-te obi\u010dajno pri postavljanju diagnoze ne uporabljajo.<sup>1<\/sup><br>Zdravnik, ki se bo z vami ali va\u0161im bli\u017enjim pogovarjal o mogo\u010di diagnozi shizofrenije, bo sledil enakim rutinskim korakom.<br>Z diagnosti\u010dnimi testi za shizofrenijo bo posku\u0161al oceniti vpliv treh oblik simptomov na osebo s shizofrenijo.<sup>2<\/sup> Testi za dolo\u010danje diagnoze in izklju\u010ditev drugih bolezni lahko zajemajo:<sup>3<\/sup> <\/p><\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-rea-list-rea-list-block rea-list-block front\"><div class=\"rea-list-block__wrapper\"><div class=\"list-unordered list\"><p>telesna preiskava za izklju\u010ditev drugih mogo\u010dih vzrokov simptomov,<\/p><p>teste za izklju\u010ditev mogo\u010dih diferencialnih diagnoz ter presejalne teste na alkohol in droge,<\/p><p>psihiatri\u010dno oceno za preverjanje du\u0161evnega stanja,<\/p><p>ovrednotenje diagnosti\u010dnih meril za shizofrenijo.<\/p><\/div><\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-rea-paragraph-rea-paragraph-block rea-paragraph-block front\"><div class=\"rea-paragraph-block__content\"><p class=\"content-text\">Mednarodno priznani priro\u010dnik za du\u0161evne motnje (kraj\u0161e poimenovan priro\u010dnik DSM-5)<sup>4<\/sup> vsebuje najsodobnej\u0161a merila za ugotavljanje shizofrenije in pri postavljanju diagnoze si bo zdravnik pomagal z njim.<br>V tem orodju je opisano veliko \u0161tevilo simptomov in zna\u010dilnosti, ki so pri shizofreniji pogosti. Vendar pa se pri osebi s shizofrenijo ne bodo pojavili vsi simptomi, ki so opisani v priro\u010dniku DSM-5.<br>Kombinacija simptomov in izku\u0161enj bo pri vsakem posamezniku druga\u010dna.<sup>5<\/sup><br><br>Morebitne diferencialne diagnoze vklju\u010dujejo bipolarno afektivno motnjo, mo\u017eganske tumorje, Wilsonovo bolezen, hipertiroidizem in nalezljive bolezni, kot so gripa, lajmska bolezen in oku\u017eba z virusom HIV, zaradi katerih se posameznikovo du\u0161evno stanje lahko spremeni.<sup>6<\/sup><\/p><\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-rea-separator-rea-separator-block rea-separator-block front\"><div class=\"rea-separator-block__content\"><hr class=\"rea-separator-block__separator\"><\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-rea-title-rea-title-block rea-title-block front\"><div class=\"rea-title-block__content\"><h3 id=\"strongpotek-boleznistrong\" class=\"content-title \"><strong>Potek bolezni<\/strong><\/h3><h4 class=\"content-subtitle rea-hidden\"><\/h4><\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-rea-paragraph-rea-paragraph-block rea-paragraph-block front\"><div class=\"rea-paragraph-block__content\"><p class=\"content-text\">Pomembno je omeniti tudi to, da potek shizofrenije ni linearen.<br>Ker je motnja lahko zelo razli\u010dna, odvisno od posameznika, jo je obi\u010dajno bolje opisati s tremi fazami, ki se pojavijo v \u017eivljenju: prodromalna, akutna in stabilna faza.<sup>7,8<\/sup><\/p><\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-rea-cta-rea-cta-block rea-cta-block front cta-left\"><div class=\"rea-cta-block__content\"><h4 class=\"cta-title\"><\/h4><p class=\"cta-text\"><\/p><a class=\"button__primary button-text\" href=\"\/javno\/klinicni-potek-bolezni\/\">Pou\u010dite se o poteku bolezni<\/a><\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-rea-title-rea-title-block rea-title-block front\"><div class=\"rea-title-block__content\"><h3 id=\"\" class=\"content-title rea-hidden\"><\/h3><h4 class=\"content-subtitle \"><strong>Vrste simptomov<\/strong><\/h4><\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-rea-paragraph-rea-paragraph-block rea-paragraph-block front\"><div class=\"rea-paragraph-block__content\"><p class=\"content-text\">Za uradno diagnozo shizofrenije smernice DSM-5 priporo\u010dajo prisotnost dveh ali ve\u010d simptomov vsaj en mesec.<sup>4<\/sup> Najpogostej\u0161i simptomi, imenovani <em>pozitivni simptomi<\/em>, so blodnje, zaznavne motnje, motnje gibanja in dezorganiziran govor ali vedenje.<sup>4<\/sup> Druga pomembna kategorija simptomov so <em>negativni simptomi<\/em>, med katerimi so lahko, na primer, pomanjkanje \u010dustev ali okrnjen govor.<sup>4<\/sup> Prisotni so lahko tudi kognitivni simptomi, kar lahko pomeni te\u017eave pri sprejemanju premi\u0161ljenih odlo\u010ditev ter te\u017eave z odlo\u010danjem in razmi\u0161ljanjem na organiziran na\u010din.<sup>9<\/sup><br>  <br>Tako pozitivni kot negativni simptomi se lahko pojavijo v kateri koli fazi: pred psihoti\u010dnimi epizodami, med njimi in po njih.<\/p><\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-rea-references-rea-references-block rea-references-block front\"><div class=\"rea-references-block__references\"><p class=\"references-title\">Viri<\/p><ol class=\"references-list\"><li>Messinger JW. Clin Psychol Rev. 2011 Feb;31(1):161-8;<\/li><li>WebMD Diagnostic Tests for Schizophrenia. <a href=\"https:\/\/www.webmd.com\/schizophrenia\/diagnostic-tests-schizophrenia#1\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\">https:\/\/www.webmd.com\/schizophrenia\/diagnostic-tests-schizophrenia#1<\/a> [Accessed July 2019]<\/li><li>Mayo Clinic Schizophrenia Diagnosis. <a href=\"https:\/\/www.mayoclinic.org\/diseases-conditions\/schizophrenia\/diagnosis-treatment\/drc-20354449\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\">https:\/\/www.mayoclinic.org\/diseases-conditions\/schizophrenia\/diagnosis-treatment\/drc-20354449<\/a> [Accessed July 2019]<\/li><li>American Psychiatric Association. (2013). Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders (5th ed.)<\/li><li>NICE CG178 <a href=\"https:\/\/www.nice.org.uk\/guidance\/cg178\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\">https:\/\/www.nice.org.uk\/guidance\/cg178<\/a><\/li><li>Medscape Schizophrenia Differential Diagnoses. <a href=\"https:\/\/emedicine.medscape.com\/article\/288259-differential\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\">https:\/\/emedicine.medscape.com\/article\/288259-differential <\/a>[Accessed July 2019]<\/li><li>AIPC Overview of Schizophrenia. <a href=\"https:\/\/www.aipc.net.au\/articles\/an-overview-of-schizophrenia\/\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\">https:\/\/www.aipc.net.au\/articles\/an-overview-of-schizophrenia\/<\/a> [Accessed July 2019]<\/li><li>CPA Schizophrenia: A journey to recovery. <a href=\"https:\/\/www.schizophrenia.ca\/docs\/RoadtoRecoveryschzhioph-web.pdf\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\">https:\/\/www.schizophrenia.ca\/docs\/RoadtoRecoveryschzhioph-web.pdf<\/a> [Accessed July 2019]<\/li><li>National Institute of Mental Health Schizophrenia. 2009<\/li><\/ol><\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-rea-title-rea-title-block rea-title-block front rea-share-block\" style=\"margin-bottom:30px;text-align:center;\">\n\t\t<div class=\"\">\n\t\t\t<span style=\"display:block;margin-bottom:10px;font-size:20px;\">Share<\/span>\n\t\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/sharer\/sharer.php?u=https:\/\/shizofrenija.si\/javno\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/2249\" class=\"facebook-share\" target=\"_blank\"><\/a>\n\t\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/shareArticle?mini=true&#038;url=https:\/\/shizofrenija.si\/javno\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/2249\" class=\"linkedin-share\" target=\"_blank\"><\/a>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t<\/div>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Share<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":2454,"parent":0,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"page-fullwidth.php","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"rea_page_title_signed_in_meta_block_field":"Diagnosticiranje shizofrenije","rea_page_title_signed_out_meta_block_field":"Diagnosticiranje shizofrenije","rea_page_description_signed_in_meta_block_field":"Skladno s sodobnimi smernicami diagnoze ni mo\u010d postaviti pred prvim pojavom akutnih psihoti\u010dnih simptomov. Vendar pa je zaznavanje prodromalnih znakov lahko klju\u010dnega pomena za prepre\u010devanje nadaljnjega razvoja ali zgodnjo intervencijo.","rea_page_description_signed_out_meta_block_field":"Skladno s sodobnimi smernicami diagnoze ni mo\u010d postaviti pred prvim pojavom akutnih psihoti\u010dnih simptomov. Vendar pa je zaznavanje prodromalnih znakov lahko klju\u010dnega pomena za prepre\u010devanje nadaljnjega razvoja ali zgodnjo intervencijo.","rea_page_footer_id_meta_block_field":"","rea_page_footer_date_meta_block_field":"","footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-2249","page","type-page","status-publish","has-post-thumbnail","hentry"],"acf":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/shizofrenija.si\/javno\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/2249","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/shizofrenija.si\/javno\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/shizofrenija.si\/javno\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/shizofrenija.si\/javno\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/shizofrenija.si\/javno\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=2249"}],"version-history":[{"count":29,"href":"https:\/\/shizofrenija.si\/javno\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/2249\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":3489,"href":"https:\/\/shizofrenija.si\/javno\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/2249\/revisions\/3489"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/shizofrenija.si\/javno\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/2454"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/shizofrenija.si\/javno\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=2249"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}